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Why Do we Fall Ill — Science STD 9 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9ScienceWhy Do we Fall Ill1 Mark
Question
Penicillin is effective against bacteria because it inhibits their wall formation.
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Answer

True.
Explanation: Penicillins and other antibiotics in the beta-lactam family contain a characteristic four-membered beta-lactam ring. Penicillin kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to $DD$-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation. Without a cell wall, a bacterial cell is vulnerable to outside water and molecular pressures, and quickly dies. Since human cells do not contain a cell wall, penicillin treatment results in bacterial cell death without affecting human cells.

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