Question
Prove the following trigonometric identities.
If $\text{T}_\text{n}=\sin^\text{n}\theta+\cos^\text{n}\theta,$ porve that $\frac{\text{T}_3-\text{T}_5}{\text{T}_1}=\frac{\text{T}_5-\text{T}_7}{\text{T}_3}.$

Answer

In the given question, we are given $\text{T}_\text{n}=\sin^\text{n}\theta+\cos^\text{n}\theta$
We need to prove $\frac{\text{T}_3-\text{T}_5}{\text{T}_1}=\frac{\text{T}_5-\text{T}_7}{\text{T}_3}$
Here L.H.S is
$\text{L.H.S}=\frac{\text{T}_3-\text{T}_5}{\text{T}_1}=\frac{(\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta)-(\sin^5\theta+\cos^5\theta)}{(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)}$
Now, solving the L.H.S, we get
$\frac{(\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta)-(\sin^5\theta+\cos^5\theta)}{(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)}=\frac{\sin^3\theta-\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta-\cos^3\theta}{\sin\theta+\cos\theta}$
$=\frac{\sin^3\theta(1-\sin^2\theta)+\cos^3\theta(1-\cos^2\theta)}{\sin\theta+\cos\theta}$
Further using the property $\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1,$ we get
$\cos^2\theta=1-\sin^2\theta$
$\sin^2\theta=1-\cos^2\theta$
$=\frac{\sin^3\theta(1-\sin^2\theta)+\cos^3\theta(1-\cos^2\theta)}{\sin\theta+\cos\theta}=\frac{\sin^3\theta\cos^2\theta+\cos^3\theta\sin^2\theta}{\sin\theta+\cos\theta}$
$=\frac{\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta(\sin\theta+\cos\theta)}{\sin\theta+\cos\theta}$
$=\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta$
Now, solving the R.H.S, we get
$\text{R.H.S}=\frac{\text{T}_5-\text{T}_7}{\text{T}_3}=\frac{(\sin^5\theta+\cos^5\theta)-(\sin^7\theta+\cos^7\theta)}{(\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta)}$
So,
$\frac{(\sin^5\theta+\cos^5\theta)-(\sin^7\theta+\cos^7\theta)}{(\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta)}=\frac{\sin^5\theta-\sin^7\theta+\cos^5\theta-\cos^7\theta}{\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta}$
$=\frac{\sin^5\theta(1-\sin^2\theta)+\cos^5\theta(1-\cos^2\theta)}{\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta}$
Furhter using the property $\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1,$ we get,
$\text{cos}^2\theta=1-\sin^2\theta$
$\sin^2\theta=1-\cos^2\theta$
So,
$=\frac{\sin^5\theta(1-\sin^2\theta)+\cos^5\theta(1-\cos^2\theta)}{\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta}=\frac{\sin^5\theta\cos^2\theta+\cos^5\theta\sin^2\theta}{\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta}$
$=\frac{\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta(\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta)}{\sin^3\theta+\cos^3\theta}$
$=\sin^2\theta\cos^2\theta$
$\therefore\ \text{L.H.S}=\text{R.H.S}$

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