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Unit 4 Ch 1 : Development — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 4 Ch 1 : Development4 Marks
Question
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
''Here are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sectors. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing. This could be in a factory, a workshop, or at home. For example, using cotton fibre from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called the industrial sector. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and are different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. At times, it may be necessary to store these in godowns. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector. The service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods. For example, we require teachers, doctors, and those who provide personal services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers, lawyers, and people to do administrative and accounting work''
  1. Secondary sector: Workers in a match factory, Tertiary sector: _______.
  1. Beekeeper.
  2. Milk vendor.
  3. Handloom worker.
  4. Tailor.
  1. Which is the correct option for classification based on nature of activities?
  1. Organised and unorganised sector.
  2. Public sector and private sector.
  3. Primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
  4. None of these.
  1. "After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two." Which of the following is incorrect regarding the given statement?
  1. These activities do not produce a good by themselves.
  2. These activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
  3. These activities are an aid or support for the production process.
  4. These activities generate goods rather than services.
  1. Choose the incorrect pair:
  1. Call centre employee-Secondary sector.
  2. IT specialists-Quaternary sector.
  3. Potter-Primary Sector.
  4. Money Lender-Tertiary sector.
✓

Answer

  1. (b) Milk vendor.
  1. (c) Primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
  1. (d) These activities generate goods rather than services.
  1. (a) Call centre employee-Secondary sector.

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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Some comparative data on Kerala, Haryana and Bihar
State
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2017)
Literacy rate %
Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (age 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
2011
Haryana
30
82
61
Kerala
10
94
83
Bihar
35
62
43
Kerala, out of 1000 children born, 10died before completing one year of age but in Haryana the proportion of children dying within one year of birth was 30, which is two times more than that of Kerala. On the other hand, the per capita income of Haryana is more than that of Kerala. Just think of how dear you are toy our parents, think of how every one is so happy when a child is born. Now, try to think of parents whose children die before they even celebrate their first birthday. How painful it must be to these parents? Next, note the year to which this data pertains. It is 2017. So we are not talking of old times; it is70 years after independence when our metro cities are full of high rise buildings and shopping malls. The problem does not end with Infant Mortality Rate. The last column of table 1.4 shows around half of the children aged 14-15 in Bihar are not attending school beyond Class 8. This means that if you went to school in Bihar nearly half of your elementary class would be missing. Those who could have been in school are not there. If this had happened to you, you would not be able to read what you are reading now. How is it that the average person in Haryana has more income than the average person in Kerala but lags behind in these crucial areas? The reason is money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. So, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, your money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps. Even now, in many areas, children, particularly girls, are not able to go to high school because the government/ society has not provided adequate facilities. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities. Similarly, in some states, the Public Distribution System (PDS)functions well. Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be better.
  1. Identify the IMR of Haryana in 2017 and the literacy rate of Haryana in 2011 from the following options.
  1. 30%, 82%
  2. 94%, 62%
  3. 40%, 94%
  4. None of these.
  1. From the above passage, identify the reason behind the low infant mortality rate of kerala.
  1. Status of people.
  2. Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
  3. The per capita income is more.
  4. All of these.
  1. Identify the things that we cannot buy with money.
  1. Pollution free environment.
  2. Protect us from infectious diseases.
  3. Clothes and cars.
  4. Both A and B.
  1. The passage given above is related to which of the following options?
  1. Exhaustion of natural resources.
  2. Tax.
  3. Income and public facilities.
  4. All of these.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
One way to find out if we are properly nourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call it BMI. This is easy to calculate. Let each student in the class find out his or her weight and height. Take the weight of each student in kilograms (kg). Then, take the height by drawing up a scale on the wall and measuring accurately with the head straight. Convert the height recorded in centimeters into meters. Divide the weight in kg by the square of the height. The number you get is called BMI. Then, look at the BMI-for-Age tables given on pages 90–91. A student’s BMI could be within the normal range or less than that (underweight) or more (obesity). For example, if a girl student is 14 years and 8 month old and the BMI is 15.2, then she is undernourished. Similarly, if the BMI of a boy aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight. Discuss the life situation, food and exercise habits of students, in general, without body shaming anyone.
  1. What is BMI?
  1. Body mass information.
  2. Body mean information.
  3. Body mean index.
  4. Body mass index.
  1. Identify the correct formula to calculate the BMI.
  1. Height/ Weight2
  2. Weight/ height2
  3. Weight/ height
  4. Weight2/ heigh
  1. Rahul is 5 ft 6 inches tall and he weighs 82 kilos. Calculate his BMI.
  1. 23.5
  2. 29.2
  3. 27.6
  4. 21.3
  1. According to Rahul’s BMI, he is _______.
  1. Overweight.
  2. Underweight.
  3. Normal.
  4. Obese.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
This sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes a large number of people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. Similarly, farmers work on their own and hire labourers as and when they require:
  1. Which sector are we talking about?
  1. Private sector.
  2. Public sector.
  3. Organised sector.
  4. Unorganised sector.
  1. Which of the following is applicable for a worker, who works in the above mentioned sector?
  1. She gets medical allowance.
  2. She got an appointment letter stating the terms and conditions of work when she joins work.
  3. She gets a regular salary at the end of the month.
  4. She is not paid for leave.
  1. Choose the correct meaning of the organised sector:
  1. It covers those enterprises where the terms of employment are regular.
  2. It is outside the control of the government.
  3. Jobs are not regular.
  4. It provides low salaries.
  1. Read the statements given below and choose the incorrect options:
  1. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays,etc. in the organised sector.
  2. Workers in organised sector enjoy security of employment.
  3. Organised sector covers those places of work where the terms of employment are regular.
  4. Workers in the organised sector expected to work only a fixed number of hours.
  1. Only (1) is incorrect.
  2. (1) and (2) both are incorrect.
  3. (2), (3) and (4) are incorrect.
  4. Only (4) is incorrect.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
CRUDE OIL RESERVES
Regions/ Countries
Reserves (2017) (Thousand Million Barrels)
Number of Years Reserves will last
Middle East
808
70
United States of America
50
10.5
World
1697
50.2
The table gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More importantly, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years more. This is for the world as a whole. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices of oil increase this becomes a burden for everyone. There are countries like the USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.
  1. The stock of Crude Oil for the world will last for how many more years?
  1. 70 years
  2. 60 years
  3. 40 years
  4. 50 years
  1. The reserve of Crude Oil available in the Middle is how many times more than the reserves in the USA?
  1. 15 times
  2. 16 times
  3. 14 times
  4. 17 times
  1. Which among the following is a Judicious use of Crude Oil Reserves.
  1. Importing from other countries for domestic use.
  2. Overuse of non renewable resources.
  3. Use of alternative sources of resources.
  4. None of these.
  1. How do powerful countries secure oil for their use?
  1. Through military or economic power.
  2. By buying from the Middle East at higher prices.
  3. By using alternative sources of energy.
  4. Putting a restriction on usage of Crude oil in their territories.
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Read the case given below and answer the questions that follow:
Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity. Energy resources can be classified as conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both hydel and thermal). Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy. Firewood and cattle dung cake are most common in rural India. According to one estimate, more than 70 percent energy requirement in rural households is met by these two, continuation of these is increasingly becoming difficult due to decreasing forest area. Moreover, using dung cake too is being discouraged because it consumes most
valuable manure which could be used in agriculture.
Q.1. Which conventional energy source are mostly used in rural areas?
Q.2. It is becoming difficult to continue the use of firewood and cattle dung. What is the reason?
Q.3. What are conventional sources of energy? Give two examples.
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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
Swapna, a small farmer, grows groundnut on her three acres of land. She takes a loan from the moneylender to meet the expenses of cultivation, hoping that her harvest would help repay the loan. Midway through the season, the crop is hit by pests and the crop fails. Though Swapna sprays her crops with expensive pesticides, it makes little difference. She is unable to repay the moneylender, and the debt grows over the year into a large amount. Next year, Swapna takes a fresh loan for cultivation. It is a normal crop this year. But the earnings are not enough to cover the old loan. She is caught in debt. She has to sell a part of the land to pay off the debt.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option
  1. The passage given above relates to which of the following options:
  1. Collateral Credit.
  2. Credit recovery is very painful.
  3. Failure of Crops.
  4. Credit is somewhere beneficial.
  1. According to the passage, Swapna faced which of the following options:
  1. The crop is hit by pests and the crop fails.
  2. She had to sell a part of the land to pay off the debt.
  3. Credit left her worse off.
  4. All of these.
  1. It refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in return for the promise of future payment:
  1. Terms and Credit.
  2. Credit.
  3. Depositor.
  4. Borrower.
  1. The above passage is an example of:
  1. Collateral.
  2. Debt Trap.
  3. Credit plays a vital and positive role.
  4. None of these.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries
in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
Q.1. How India can become a prosperous country?
Q.2. What values do you learn from the above extract?
Q.3. What was the motto of establishing public sector and joint sector ventures in India?
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more incomemeans more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
  1. Which country can be considered as a developed country in the modern world? Select your answer from the following statements.
  1. Countries which have accumulated huge amounts of wealth and always secures the future of their citizens. These countries are considered to be developed.
  2. Countries which are among the highest in the 'Human Development Index' are considered to be the developed countries.
  3. Only rich countries are considered to be developed because people have money to buy everything needed for human beings both material and non-material.
  4. Iran is a rich country and therefore it is a developed country.
  1. What is considered to be one of the most important attributes when we compare countries at the level of development?
  1. Industrial development.
  2. Resources of the country.
  3. Income.
  4. Import-export.
  1. The Middle East countries even though are rich countries; but they are not considered as a developed country because.
  1. Its high income is because of Oil exports and not because of development.
  2. It has all the facilities of a developed country because of its high income.
  3. Even after sufficient development they are still not considered as developed countries.
  4. It does not have many facilities so they are not treated as developed countries.
  1. ______ is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
  1. Gross income.
  2. Per capita income.
  3. Total income.
  4. Net income.
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Read the text given below and answer the following questions.
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication ofunemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-Industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Manufacturing industries fall in _________ and agriculture in __________.
  1. Primary, secondary sector.
  2. Secondary, tertiary sector.
  3. Primary, tertiary sector.
  4. Secondary, primary sector.
  1. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependance on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to?
Jobs created or promoted by manufacturing industries
Sector
(A)
Garment production
1.
Primary
(B)
Research and development
2.
Tertiary
(C)
Banking
3.
Secondary
(D)
Banking
4.
Quarternary
  1. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  2. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
  3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-2
  4. A-4, B-1, C-4, D-3
  1. Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?
  1. Manufacturing farm equipment.
  2. Providing unskilled labour force.
  3. Supplying fertilizers and pesticides.
  4. Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers.
  1. ln order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop.
  1. Agrarian facilities.
  2. Cultivable lands.
  3. Media facilities.
  4. Infrastructure facilities.
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Read the source given below and answer the following questions:
In recent years, the central and state governments in India are taking special steps to attract foreign companies to invest in India. Industrial zones, are called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set up. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. Companies in the organised sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers' rights. In the recent years, the government has allowed companies to ignore many of these. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company. However, still not satisfied, foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. What do you understand by the term 'Special Economic Zones'?
  1. Industrial zones.
  2. Banking zone.
  3. Farming zone.
  4. Forest Conservation zone.
  1. Which of the following steps have been taken by the government to attract foreign companies?
  1. Providing food, shelter and cloth.
  2. Judicial facilities.
  3. Companies do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years. Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which facilities are provided in Special Economic Zones?
  1. Free raw materials for industries.
  2. Voting facility.
  3. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities.
  4. Zero taxes in 10 years.
  1. Which of the following are/ is the demands of foreign companies?
  1. Free electricity
  2. Free transport.
  3. Less flexibility in labour laws.
  4. Foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.
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