Question
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A chlorocompound (A) on reduction with Zn-Cu and ethanol gives the hydrocarbon (B) with five carbon atoms. When (A) is dissolved in dry ether and treated with sodium metal it gave 2, 2, 5, 5 - tetramethylhexane. The treatment of (A) with alcoholic KCN gives compound ( C).
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. The compound (A) is:
  1. 1-chloro-2, 2-dimethylpropane.
  2. 1-chloro-2, 2-dimethyl butane.
  3. 1-chloro-2-methyl butane.
  4. 2-chloro-2-methyl butane.
  1. The reaction of (C) with Na, C2H5OH gives:
  1. (CH3)3C CH2CONH2
  2. (CH3)3C NH2
  3. (CH3)3C CH2CH2NH2
  4. (CH3)2CHCH2NH2
  1. The reaction of (C) with Na, C2H5OH is called:
  1. Gilman reaction.
  2. Mendius reaction.
  3. Grooves process.
  4. Swart's reaction.
  1. The reaction of (A) with aq. KOH will preferably favour:
  1. SN1 mechanism.
  2. SN2 mechanism.
  3. E1 mechanism.
  4. E2 mechanism.
  1. Compound (B) is:
  1. N-pentane.
  2. 2, 2-dimethylpropane.
  3. 2-methylbutane.
  4. None of these.

Answer

  1. (a) 1-chloro-2, 2-dimethylpropane.

Explanation:

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2 -\text{Cl}\xrightarrow{\text{Ether/ Na}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\ \ \ \ \\\text{I -Chloro-2, 2-di methylpropane }$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_2\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2 -\text{CH}_2-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\ \ \ \ \\\text{2, 2, 5, 5-Tetramethylhexane}$

  1. (c) (CH3)3C CH2CH2NH2

Explanation:

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2 \text{Cl}\xrightarrow{\text{alc.KCN}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2 \text{CN}\xrightarrow{\text{Na/C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2 \text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

  1. (b) Mendius reaction.
  2. (a) SN1 mechanism.
  3. (b) 2, 2-dimethylpropane.

Explanation:

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2 \text{Cl}\xrightarrow{\text{Zn-Cu/C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

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Similar questions

Dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of reactants, temperature, and other factors is the most general method for weeding out unsuitable reaction mechanisms. The term mechanism means all the individual collisional or elementary processes involving molecules (atoms, radicals, and ions included) that take place simultaneously or consecutively to produce the observed overall reaction. For example, when hydrogen gas reacts with bromine, the rate of the reaction was found to be proportional to the concentration of H₂ and to the square root of the concentration of Br2. Furthermore, the rate was inhibited by increasing the concentration of HBr as the reaction proceeded. These observations are not consistent with a mechanism involving bimolecular collisions of a single molecule of each kind. The currently accepted mechanism is considerably more complicated, involving the dissociation of bromine molecules into atoms followed by reactions between atoms and molecules:
It is clear from this example that the mechanism cannot be predicted from the overall stoichiometry.
(source: Moore, J. W., & Pearson, R. G. (1981). Kinetics and mechanism. John Wiley & Sons.)
(a). Predict the expression for the rate of reaction and order for the following:
         H2 + Br2 → 2 HBr
What are the units of rate constant for the above reaction?
(b). How will the rate of reaction be affected if the concentration of Br2 is tripled?

The half-life of a reaction is the time required for the concentration of reactant to decrease by half, i.e.,

$[\text{A}]_\text{t}=\frac{1}{2}[\text{A}]$

For first order reaction,

$\text{t}_\frac{1}{2}=\frac{0.693}{\text{k}}$

this means $\text{t}\frac{1}{2}$ is independent of initial concentration. Figure shows that typical variation of concentration of reactant exhibiting first order kinetics. It may be noted that though the major portion of the first order kinetics may be over in a finite time, but the reaction will never cease as the concentration of reactant will be zero only at infinite time.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

  1. A first order reaction has a rate constant k = 3.01 × 10-3 /s. How long it will take to decompose half of the reactant?
  1. 2.303s
  2. 23.03s
  3. 230.3s
  4. 2303s
  1. The rate constant for a first order reaction is 7.0 × 10-4 s-1. If initial concentration ofreactant is 0.080 M, what is the half life of reaction?
  1. 990s
  2. 79.2s
  3. 12375s
  4. 10.10 × 10-4s
  1. For the half-life period of a first order reaction, which one of the following statements is generally false?
  1. It is independent of initial concentration.
  2. It is independent of temperature.
  3. It decreases with the introduction of a catalyst.
  4. None of these.
  1. The rate of a first order reaction is 0.04 mol L-1 s-1 at 10 minutes and 0.03 mol L-1 s-1 at 20 minutes after initiation. The half-life of the reaction is:
  1. 4.408 min
  2. 44.086 min
  3. 24.086 min
  4. 2.408 min
  1. The plot of $\text{t}_\frac{1}{2}$ vs initial concentration [A]0 for a first order reaction is given by:

The following reaction, $\text{A}_{(\text{g})}\xrightarrow{\ \ \triangle\ \ \ }\text{P}_{(\text{g})}+\text{Q}_{(\text{g})}+\text{R}_{(\text{g})},$ follows first order kinetics. The half-life period of this reaction is 69.3s at 500ºC. The gas A is enclosed in a container at 500ºC and at a pressure of 0.4 atm.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. The rate constant for the reaction is:
  1. 0.4s-1
  2. 0.02s-1
  3. 0.01s-1
  4. 0.3s-1
  1. The pressure of the gas A after 230 s will be:
  1. 0.04 atm
  2. 0.36 atm
  3. 0.4 atm
  4. 0.036 atm
  1. The total pressure of the system after 230 swill be:
  1. 2.15 atm
  2. 1.12 atm
  3. 0.4 atm
  4. 3.08 atm
  1. The plot ofln[A] vs twill be:
  1. Linear with slope = k
  2. Linear with intercept = In[A]0
  3. Linear with slope = In[A]0
  4. Linear with intercept = [A]0
  1. Which of the following is not an example of first order reaction?
  1. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_{4(\text{g})}+\text{H}_{2(\text{g})}\rightarrow\text{C}_2\text{H}_{6(\text{g})}$
  2. $2\text{N}_2\text{O}_{5(\text{g})}\rightarrow4\text{NO}_{2(\text{g})}+\text{O}_{2(\text{g})}$
  3. $2\text{N}\text{H}_{3(\text{g})}\xrightarrow[\triangle]{\text{pt}}\text{N}_{2(\text{g})}+3\text{H}_{2(\text{g})}$
  4. $2\text{N}_2\text{O}_{(\text{g})}\xrightarrow{\ \ \triangle\ \ }2\text{N}_{2(\text{g})}+\text{O}_{2(\text{g})}$

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

A primary alkyl halide (A) C4H9Br reacted with akoholic KOH to give compound (B). Compound (B) is reacted with HBr to give compound (C) which is an isomer of (A). When (A) reacted with sodium metal, it gave a compound (D) C8H18 that is different than the compound obtained when n-butyl bromide reacted with sodium metal.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

  1. Compound (A) is:
  1. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br

  2. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2\text{Br}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

  3. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{Br} \\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

  4. CH3CH2CH2Br

  1. Which type of isomerism is present in compound (A) and (C)?
  1. Positional
  2. Functional
  3. Chain
  4. Both (a) and (c)
  1. Identify compound (B).
  1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{C}=\text{CH}_2 \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \mid \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
  2. CH3 – CH = CH – CH3
  3. CH3 – CH2 – CH = CH2
  4. None of these.
  1. IUPAC name of compound (D) is:
  1. N - octane
  2. 2, 5 - dimethylhexane
  3. 2 - methylheptane
  4. 3, 4 - dimethyl hexane.
  1. When compoound (C) is treated with ale. KOH and then treated with presence of peroxide, the compound obtained is:
  1. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{Br} \\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

  2. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{Br}$

  3. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br}$

  4. $$$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}-\text{Br}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A compound (X) containing C, H and O is unreactive towards sodium. It also does not react with Schiff s reagent. On refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (X) yields only one organic product ( Y). On hydrolysis, (Y) yields a new compound (Z) which can be converted into (Y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. The compound (Z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. The equivalent weight of this acid is 60.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. The compound (X) is an:
  1. Acid.
  2. Aldehyde.
  3. Alcohol.
  4. Ether.
  1. The IUPAC name of the acid formed is:
  1. Methanoic acid.
  2. Ethanoic acid.
  3. Propanoic acid.
  4. Butanoic acid.
  1. Compound (Y) is:
  1. Ethyl iodide.
  2. Methyl iodide.
  3. Propyl iodide.
  4. Mixture of (a) and (b).
  1. Compound (Z) is:
  1. Methanol.
  2. Ethanol.
  3. Propanol.
  4. Butanol.
  1. Compound (X) on treatment with excess of Cl2 in presence of tight gives:
  1. $\propto-$ Chlorodiethyl ether.
  2. $\propto,\propto'-$ Dichlorodiethyl ether.
  3. Perchlorodiethyl ether.
  4. None of these.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

Proteins are high molecular mass complex biomolecules of amino acids. The important proteins required for our body are enzymes, hormones, antibodies, transport proteins, structural proteins, contractile proteins etc. Except for glycine, all $\alpha$-amino acids have chiral carbon atom and most of them have L-configuration. The amino acids exists as dipolar ion called zwitter ion, in which a proton goes from the carboxyl group to the amino group. A large number of $\alpha$-amino acids are joined by peptide bonds forming polypeptides. The peptides having very large molecular mass (more than 10,000) are called proteins. The structure of proteins is described as primary structure giving sequence of linking of amino acids; secondary structure giving manner in which polypeptide chains are arranged and folded; tertiary structure giving folding, coiling or bonding polypeptide chains producing three dimensional structures and quaternary structure giving arrangement of sub-units in an aggregate protein molecule.

A statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: Except glycine, all naturally occurring CL-amino acids are optically active.

Reason: All naturally occurring CL-amino acids, except glycine, has at least one asymmetric carbon.

  1. Assertion: All amino acids are optically active.

Reason: Amino acids contain asymmetric carbon atoms.

  1. Assertion: In $\alpha$-helix structure, intramolecular H-bonding takes place whereas in $\beta$-pleated structure, intermolecular H-bonding takes place.

Reason: An egg contains a soluble globular protein called albumin which is present in the white part.

  1. Assertion: Secondary structure of protein refers to regular folding patterns of continuos portions of the polypeptide chain.

Reason: Out of 20 amino acids, only 12 amino acids can be synthesised by human body.

  1. Assertion: The helical structure of protein is stabilised by intramolecular hydrogen bond between -NH and carbonyl oxygen.

Reason: Sanger's reagent is used for the identification of N-tenninal amino acid of peptide chain.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The unique behaviour of Cu, having a positive E° accounts for its inability to liberate H2 from acids. Only oxidising acids (nitric and hot concentrated sulphuric acid) react with Cu, the acids being reduced. The stability of the half-filled (d5) subshell in Mn2+ and the completely filled (d10) configuration in Zn2+ are related to their $\text{E}^\circ\frac{\text{M}^{3+}}{\text{M}^{2+}}$ values. The low value for Sc reflects the stability of Sc3+ which has a noble gas configuration. The comparatively high value for Mn shows that Mn2+(d5) is particularly stable, whereas a comparatively low value for Fe shows the extra stability of Fe3+(d5). The comparatively low value for Vis related to the stability of v2+ (half-filled t2g level).
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Standard reduction electrode potential of $\frac{\text{Zn}^{2+}}{\text{Zn}}$ is 0.76V. This means
  1. ZnO cannot be reduced to Zn by H2 under standard conditions.
  2. Zn cannot liberate H2 with concentrated acids.
  3. Zn is generally the anode in an electrochemical cell.
  4. Zn is generally the cathode in an electrochemical cell.
  1. $\text{E}^\circ$ values for the couples $\frac{\text{Cr}^{3+}}{\text{Cr}^{2+}}$ and $\frac{\text{Mn}^{3+}}{\text{Mn}^{2+}}$ are -0.41 and +1.51 volts respectively. These values suggest that.
  1. Cr2+ acts as a reducing agent whereas Mn3+ acts as an oxidizing agent.
  2. Cr2+ is more stable th an Cr3+ state.
  3. Mn3+ is more stable than Mn2+.
  4. Cr2+ acts as an oxidizing agent whereas Mn3+ acts as a reducing agent..
  1. The reduction potential values of M, N and O are +2.46, -1.13 and -3.13V respectively. Which of the following order is correct regarding their reducing property?
  1. O > N > M
  2. O > M > N
  3. M > N > O
  4. M > O > N
  1. Which of the following statements are true?
  1. Mn2+ compounds are more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
  2. Titanium and copper both in the first series of transition metals exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequently.
  3. Cu+ ion is stable in aqueous solutions.
  4. The $\text{E}^\circ$ value for the $\frac{\text{Mn}^{3+}}{\text{Mn}^{2+}}$ couple is much more positive than that for $\frac{\text{Cr}^{3+}}{\text{Cr}^{2+}}$ or $\frac{\text{Fe}^{3+}}{\text{Fe}^{2+}}.$.
  1. (II) and (III)
  2. (I) and (IV)
  3. (I) and (III)
  4. (II) and (IV)
  1. The stability of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}$ rather than $\text{Cu}^{+}_\text{(aq)}$ is due to.
  1. More negative $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
  2. Less negative $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
  3. More positive $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
  4. Less positive $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The solubility of gases increases with increase of pressure. William Henry made a systematic investigation of the solubility of a gas in a liquid. According to Henry's law "the mass of a gas dissolved per unit volume of the solvent at constant temperature is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution". Dalton during the same period also concluded independently that the solubility of a gas in a ti quid solution depends upon the partial pressure of the gas. If we use the mole fraction of gas in the solution as a measure of its solubility, then Henry's law can be modified as "the partial pressure of the gas in the vapour phase is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the solution"
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Henry's law constant for the solubility of methane in benzene at 298K is 4.27 x 105mm Hg. The solubility of methane in benzene at 298K under 760mm Hg is:
  1. 4.27 × 10-5
  2. 1.78 × 10-3
  3. 4.27 × 10-3
  4. 1.78 × 10-5
  1. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10-2g of ethane is I bar. If the solution contains 5.00 × 10-2g of ethane then what will be the partial pressure (in bar) of the gas?
  1. 0.762
  2. 1.312
  3. 3.81
  4. 5.0
  1. KH (K bar) values for Ar(g), CO2(g), HCHO(g) and CH4(g) are 40.39, 1.67, 1.83 × 10-5 and 0.413 respectively. Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing solubility. Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing solubility.
  1. HCHO < CH4 < CO2 < Ar
  2. HCHO < CO2 < CH4 < Ar
  3. Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO
  4. Ar < CH4 < CO2 < HCHO
  1. When a gas is bubbled through water at 298K, a very dilute solution of the gas is obtained. Henry's law constant for the gas at 298K is 150 kbar. If the gas exerts a partial pressure of 2 bar, the number of millimoles of the gas dissolved in IL of water is:
  1. 0.55
  2. 0.87
  3. 0.37
  4. 0.66
  1. Which of the following statements is correct?
  1. KH increases with increase of temperature.
  2. KH decreases with increase of temperature.
  3. KH remains constant with increase of temperature.
  4. KH first increases then decreases, with increase of temperature.
Describe detailed information on classification of carbohydrates.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

Amines are basic in nature. The basic strength of amines can be expressed by their dissociation constant, Kb or pKb.

$\text{RNH}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}\rightleftharpoons\text{RNH}^+_3+\text{OH}^-$

$\text{k}_\text{b}=\frac{[\text{RNH}^+_3][\text{OH}^-]}{[\text{RNH}_2]}\text{and}\text{ pk}_\text{b}=-\log\text{k}_\text{b}$

Greater the Kb value or smaller the pKb value, more is the basic strength of a mine. Aryl amines such as aniline are less basic than aliphatic amines due to the involvement of lone pair of electrons on N-atom with the resonance in benzene. In derivatives of aniline, the electron releasing groups increase the basic strength while electron withdrawing groups decrease the basic strength. The base weakening effect of electron withdrawing group and base strengthening effect of electron releasing group is more marked at p-position than at m-position. a-Substituted aniline is less basic than aniline due to ortho effect and is probable due to combination of electronic and steric effect.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

  1. Which of the following has lowest pKb value?

  1. The strongest base among the following is:
  1. C6H5NH2

  2. p-NO2 - C6H4NH2

  3. m-NO2 - C6H4NH2

  4. C6H5CH2NH2

  1. Maximum pKb value of:
  1.  

  1.  

  1. (CH3CH2)2NH

  2. (CH3)2NH

  1.  The order of basic strength among the following amines in benzene solution is:
  1. Methylamine is more basic than NH3.
  2. Amines form hydrogen bonds.
  3. Ethylamine has higher boiling point than propane.
  4. Dimethylamine is less basic than methylamine.
  1. CH3CH2NH2 contains a basic -NH2 group, but CH3CONH2 does not because:
  1. Acetamide is amphoteric in character.
  2. In ethylamine the electron pair on N-atom is delocalised by resonance.
  3. In ethylamine there is no resonance while in acetamide the lone pair of electrons on N-atom is delocalised and is less available for protonation.
  4. None of these.