Question
Solve the following differential equations:
$(\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2)\text{dx}-2\text{xy dy}=0$

Answer

We have,

 

 

$(\text{x}^2-\text{y}^2)\text{dx}-2\text{xy dy}=0$

This is a homogeneous differential equation.

Putting y = vx and $\frac{\text{dy}}{\text{dx}}=\text{v + x}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}$, we get

$\text{v + x}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}^2-(\text{vx})^2}{2\text{x(vx)}}$

$\Rightarrow\ \text{v + x}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{\text{x}^2-\text{v}^2\text{x}^2}{2\text{vx}^2}$

$\Rightarrow\ \text{v + x}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-\text{v}^2}{2\text{v}}$

$\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-\text{v}^2}{2\text{v}}-\text{v}$

$\Rightarrow\ \text{x}\frac{\text{dv}}{\text{dx}}=\frac{1-3\text{v}^2}{2\text{v}}$

$\Rightarrow\ \frac{2\text{v}}{1-3\text{v}^2}\text{dv}=\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{dx}$

Integrating both sides, we get

$\int\frac{2\text{v}}{1-3\text{v}^2}\text{dv}=\int\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{dx}$

$\Rightarrow\ -\frac{1}3\int\frac{-6\text{v}}{1-3\text{v}^2}\text{dv}=\int\frac{1}{\text{x}}\text{dx}$

$\Rightarrow-\frac{1}3\log\big|1-3\text{v}^2\big|=\log|\text{x}|+\log|\text{C}|$

$\Rightarrow\ \log\big|1-3\text{v}^2\big|=-3\log|\text{Cx}|$

$\Rightarrow\ \log\big|1-3\text{v}^2\big|=\log\bigg|\frac{1}{(\text{Cx})^3}\bigg|$

$\Rightarrow\ 1-3\text{v}^2=\frac{1}{(\text{Cx})^3}$

Putting $\text{v}=\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}$, we get

$1-3\Big(\frac{\text{y}}{\text{x}}\Big)^2=\frac{1}{(\text{Cx})^3}$

$\Rightarrow\ \frac{\text{x}^2-3\text{y}^2}{\text{x}^2}=\frac{1}{\text{C}^3\text{x}^3}$

$\Rightarrow\ \text{x}(\text{x}^2-3\text{y}^2)=\frac{1}{\text{C}^3}$

$\Rightarrow\ \text{x}(\text{x}^2-3\text{y}^2)=\text{K}$ $\Big($where, $\text{K}=\frac{1}{\text{C}^3}\Big)$

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