Question
State difference between the working and non-working current.
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Answer
When an alternating potential is applied to an impedance circuit, then there is phase difference between alternating current passing through the circuit and alternating voltage applied on the circuit. If root mean square value of the current is $I _{ rms }$ and the phase dfference between potential and current is $\phi$, then there are two components of current along the direction of potential and perpendicular to the direction of potential $I _{ rma } \cos \phi$ and $I _{ rms } \sin \phi$ respectively. The component of alternating current which is in the direction of alternating potential that is $I _{ rms } \cos \phi$, which does the wrok of passing through the circuit is known as working current.
The component of alternating current which is perpendicular to the applied alternating voltage that is $I _{ rms } \sin \phi$, does not do any work while passing through the circuit and this component is known as workless current.
The component of alternating current which is perpendicular to the applied alternating voltage that is $I _{ rms } \sin \phi$, does not do any work while passing through the circuit and this component is known as workless current.
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