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Solution — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistrySolution3 Marks
Question
State Raoult's Law for solution containing volatile solutes. Write two Characteristics of the solutions which obeys Raoult's law at all concentrations.
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Answer

When a volatile liquid is dissolved into a solvent then the sum of vapour pressures of both, solute and solvent will be equal to the total pressure of the solution. When two volatile liquids A and B with mole fraction $ X_{A} $ and $ X_{B} $, Partial vapour pressures $ P_{A} $ and $ P_{B} $ vapour pressure of their pure state $ P_{A}^{0} $ and $ P_{B}^{0} $. So according to Raoult's law:
$ P_{A} = P_{A}^{0} \cdot X_{A} $ and $ P_{B} = P_{B}^{0} \cdot X_{B} $.
Total pressure $ P = P_{A} + P_{B} = [P_{A}^{0} \cdot X_{A} + P_{B}^{0} \cdot X_{B}] $.
Characteristics of the solutions which obeys Raoult's Law at all Concentrations
(i) $ \Delta_{mix}H = 0 $
(ii) $ \Delta_{mix}V = 0 $

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