Question
State the differences between acids and bases.
| Acids | Bases |
| These are sour to taste | These are bitter to taste. |
| Acids are proton donors or electron acceptors | Bases are proton acceptors or electron donors |
| Acids have a pH value of < 7. | Bases have a pH value > 7. |
| Acids turn blue litmus red. | Bases do not change the colour of blue litmus. |
| Acids do not change the colour of red litmus | Bases turn red litmus blue |
| With china rose indicator, these give a dark pink colour. | Bases give green colour with china rose indicator. |
| Acids do not change the colour of the turmeric indicator. | Bases turn the colour of the turmeric indicator to red |
| Acid is a substance that contains hydrogen ion (H+) | Bases are substances that contain hydroxyl ion (OH-) |
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| i | Probiotic | (a) | Kuru |
| ii | Preservation | (b) | Methanogen |
| iii | Prion | (c) | Curd |
| iv | Biogas | (d) | Sugar |
| Chandrayaan | Fuel |
| Mangalyaan | Moon |
| Cryogenic | First manned mission to the moon |
| Apollo - 8 | First man landing mission to the moon |
| Apollo - 11 | Mars |
| i | Ammonia | (a) | Nickel |
| ii | Dalda | (b) | Fermentation |
| iii | Alcoholic beverages | (c) | Biocatalysts |
| iv | Yeast | (d) | Urea |
| Iron | For making wires |
| Copper | Sewing needle |
| Tungsten | As a fuel for ignition in rocket |
| Boron | Making the filament of a bulb |
| 1. | Solid to liquid | (a) | Condensation |
| 2. | Liquid to gas | (b) | Deposition |
| 3. | Gas to solid | (c) | Melting |
| 4. | Gas to liquid | (d) | Vaporization |
| 1. | Specific heat capacity | (a) | Dewar bottle |
| 2. | Calorimeter | (b) | Lavoisier and simon |
| 3. | Vacuum flask | (c) | $JKg ^{-1} K^{-1}$ |
| 4. | Ice – calorimeter | (d) | Heat capacity |
| Two similar charges | acquires a positive charge |
| Two dissimilar charges | prevents a circuit from overheating |
| When glass rod is rubbed with silk | repel each other |
| When ebonite rod is rubbed with fur | attract each other |
| Fuse | acquires a negative charge |
| 1. | Crooke’s tube | (a) | Negatively charged particles |
| 2. | Cathode rays | (b) | Cathode ray tube |
| 3. | Proton | (c) | Positively charged particles |
| 4. | Anode rays | (d) | $1.6 \times 10^{-24} g$ |
| i | Araucaria | (a) | Bryophyte |
| ii | Riccia | (b) | Fungi |
| iii | Marsilea | (c) | Gymnosperm |
| iv | Ashbya | (d) | Pteridophyte |
| i | Mirror | (a) | Used by dentists to see enlarged image of teeth. |
| ii | Virtual image | (b) | Can be taken on a screen. |
| iii | Real image | (c) | Cannot be taken on a screen. |
| iv | Convex mirror | (d) | An optical device which produces reflection. |
| v | Concave mirror | (e) | Can form image of objects speed over a larger area |