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Alternating Current — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 SciencePhysicsAlternating Current5 Marks
Question
Study the circuits (a) and (b) shown in Fig. and answer the following questions.
  1. Under which conditions would the rms currents in the two circuits be the same?
  2. Can the rms current in circuit (b) be larger than that in (a)?
✓

Answer


Key concept: Series RLC - Circuit
  1. Equation of current: $\text{i}=\text{i}_0\sin(\omega\text{t}\pm\phi);\text{ where i}_0=\frac{\text{V}_0}{\text{Z}}$
  2. Equation of vpltage: From phasor diagram $\text{V}=\sqrt{\text{V}^2_\text{R}+(\text{V}_\text{L}-\text{V}_\text{C})^2}$
  3. Impedance of the circuit: $\text{Z}=\sqrt{\text{R}^2(\text{X}_\text{L}-\text{X}_\text{C})^2}=\sqrt{\text{R}^2+\Big(\omega\text{L}-\frac{1}{\omega\text{C}}\Big)^2}$
  4. Phase difference: From phasor diagram $\tan\phi=\frac{\text{V}_\text{L}-\text{V}_\text{C}}{\text{V}_\text{R}}=\frac{\text{X}_\text{L}-\text{X}_\text{L}}{\text{R}}=\frac{\omega\text{L}-\frac{1}{\omega\text{C}}}{\text{R}}=\frac{2\pi\text{vL}-\frac{1}{2\pi\text{vC}}}{\text{R}}$
  5. If net reactance is inductive: Circuit behaves as LR circuit
  6. If net reactance is capacitive: Circuit begaves as CR circuit
  7. If net reactance is zero: Means $X = X_L - X_C = 0 \Rightarrow X_L = X_C$​​​​​​​, This is the condition of resonance.
  8. At resononce (series resonant circuit),
  1. $X_L = X_C \Rightarrow Z_{min} = R,$ i.e., circuit behaves as a resistive circuit.
  2. $V_L = V_C \Rightarrow V = V_R$, i.e., whole
  3. applied voltage appeared across the resistance.
  4. Phase difference: $\phi=0^\circ\Rightarrow\ \text{p.f.}=\cos\phi=1$
  5. Power consumption: $\text{P}=\text{V}_\text{rms}\text{i}_\text{rms}=\frac{1}{2}\text{V}_0\text{i}_0$
  6. Current in the circuit is maximum and it is $\text{i}_0=\frac{\text{V}_0}{\text{R}}$
Let us first assume, rms current in circuit $A = (I_{rms}) A$
And rms current in circuit $B = (I_{rms}) B$
$(\text{I}_\text{rms})\text{A}=\frac{\text{E}_\text{rms}}{\text{Z}}=\frac{\text{E}_\text{rms}}{\text{R}}$
$(\text{I}_\text{rms})\text{B}=\frac{\text{E}_\text{rms}}{\text{Z}}=\frac{\text{E}_\text{rms}}{\sqrt{\text{R}^2+(\text{X}_\text{L}-\text{X}_\text{C})^2}}$
  1. When $(I_{rms})A = (I_{rms})B$
$\text{R}=\sqrt{\text{R}^2+(\text{X}_\text{L}-\text{X}_\text{C})^2}$
$\Rightarrow X_L = X_C,$ resonance condition
If Erms in the two circuit are same, then at resonance the rms currnet in LCR will be same as that in R circuit (circuit A).
  1. As $\text{Z}\geq\text{R}$
$\Rightarrow\ \frac{(\text{I}_\text{rms})_\text{B}}{(\text{I}_\text{rms})_\text{A}}=\frac{\frac{\text{E}_\text{rms}}{\text{Z}}}{\frac{\text{E}_\text{rms}}{\text{R}}}=\frac{\text{R}}{\sqrt{\text{R}^2}(\text{X}_\text{L}-\text{X}_\text{C})^2}=\frac{\text{R}}{\text{Z}}\leq1$
$\Rightarrow\ (\text{I}_\text{rms})\text{a}\geq(\text{I}_\text{rms})\text{b}$
No, $\text{R}\leq\text{Z}$. So, rms current in circuit (b) cannot be larger than that in (a).

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