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Ecosystems — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYEcosystems5 Marks
Question
  1. Taking an example of a small pond, explain how the four components of an ecosystem function as a unit.
  2. Name the type of food chain that exists in a pond.
✓

Answer

  1. Productivity - conversion of inorganic substances into organic material with the help of radiant energy/sunlight by the autotrophs/producers. (phytoplankton, algae, floating, submerged plants)
Decomposition - decomposers (fungi, bacteria, flagellates) breakdown dead decayed organic matter into simpler compounds.

Energy Flow - Unidirectional movement of energy towards higher trophic levels (producer to consumer ) and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment

Nutrient cycle - Mineralisation of dead matter to release them back for reuse of autotrophs.
  1. Grazing food chain/detritus food chain.

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