Question
Thalassemia
(1) Thalassemia is an autosomal-eeessive disorder. The synthesis of alpha ciiains are controlled by two genes, (HBA1 and HBA2) on chromosome 16. Beta chain synthesis is controlled by gene HBB located on chromosome 11. Two alpha chains and two beta chains together form four polypeptide chains that make heterotetrameric haemoglobin molecule. But when there is defective gene on either of chromosome 16 or 11, there is quantitative abnormality of polypeptide globin chain synthesis. This results into thalassemia.
(2) Depending upon which chain is affected, thalassemia is classified as, alpha (α) thalassemia and beta (β) thalassemia.
(3) The clinical symptoms of thalassemia are as follows:
(4) Patients need regular blood transfusions to cope with the disorder.
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| Column A (Part of Anatropous ovule) | Column B (Terminology) |
| (1) Opening at the apex | (a) Hilum |
| (2) Stalk of the ovule | (b) Integument |
| (3) Protective covering | (c) Micropyle |
| (4) Place of attachment of body and stalk | (d) Funiculus |
| Column A | Column B |
| (1) Organism | (a) Large unit with specific climatic zone |
| (2) Population | (b) Different species in particular area |
| (3) Community | (c) Same species in a geographical area |
| (4) Biome | (d) Basic unit of ecological hierarchy |
| Respiratory capacities | Respiratory volumes |
| (1) Residual volume (RV) | (a) 500 ml |
| (2) Vital capacity (VC) | (b) 2000 – 3000 ml |
| (3) Tidal volume (TV) | (c) 1100 – 1200 ml |
| (4) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | (d) 4100 – 4600 ml |
| Partial pressure of gases | Alveolar air | Pulmonary, capillaries |
| $PPO_2$ | ————— | ————— |
| $PPCO_2$ | —————- | —————- |