MCQ
The elements which exhibit both vertical and horizontal similarities are _______.
- AInert gas elements.
- BRepresentative elements.
- CRare elements.
- DTransition elements.
Explanation:
Elements which exhibit both vertical and horizontal similarities are transition elements. They show vertical similarity because of same electronic configuration. They show horizontal similarity because of similar size.
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[Atomic masses $\mathrm{Cu}: 63.54\, \mathrm{u}, \mathrm{S}: 32\, \mathrm{u}, \mathrm{O}: 16 \,\mathrm{u}, \mathrm{H}: 1\, \mathrm{u}]$

$\frac{2}{3} Al_2O_3 \rightarrow \frac{4}{3} Al + O_2,\,$ $\Delta G = +966\,kJ\,mol$
The potential difference needed for electrolytic reduction of $Al_2O_3$ at $500^o C$ is at least ...... $V$.