Constitutional Design — Social Science STD 9 — Question

4. Federal in form and unitary in spirit.

Explanation:
The Indian Constitution established a federal Structure of government e.g., two governments, division of power, Independent Judiciary but it also has a large number of unitary features e.g., Strong Center, single citizenship, Single Constitution, emergency provisions (which converts the nation into Unitary form of government) etc. Moreover, Article 1 declares India as a Union of States. Hence it is called Federal in form but Unitary in spirit.