- ✓Is a continuous process
- BIs a discontinuous process
- CWas continuous in beginning but discontinuous now
- DWas discontinuous in beginning but continuous now
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$I.$ Innate immunity is accomplished by providing different types of barriers
$II.$ Acquired immunity is present from the birth and is inherited from parents
$III.$ Sweat, tears, acid in the stomach and saliva prevent microbial growth
$I.$ DNA being a hydrophilic molecule cannot pass through cell membranes
$II.$ Agrobacteriumtumefaciens delivers a piece of $DNA$ known as $'Z-DNA'$ in the Tiplasmid which transforms normal plant cells into tumour cells to produce chemical against pathogens
$III.$ Retrovirus, adenovirus, papillomavirus are also now used as cloning vectors in animal because of their ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cell.
$IV.$ In genetic engineering, $DNA$ from different sources are cut with the same restriction enzymes so that both $DNA$ fragments have same kind of sticky ends
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