STD 11 - 17. Locomotion and movement — NEET STD 11 Science — Question

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution ?

Assertion: First seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs.
Reason: Dorsally, they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.

Fill in the blanks.
(i) Cancer causing agents are called A and cancer causing viruses are called B which have genes called C.
(ii) D or E genes present in normal cells when activated under certain conditions lead to oncogenic transformation of cells.
(iii) In treatment of cancer, patients are given substances called biological response modifier such as F which activates their immune system & helps in destroying tumor.
(iv) Heroin commonly called G is chemically H which is obtained from morphine by I reaction and is extracted from latex of poppy plant J (Scientific name).
(v) Cannabinoids are obtained from the infloroscence of the plant K. They are known for their effects on L system of body.
(vi) Cocaine is obtanied from coca plant M native to N. It interferes with transport of neuro- transmitter O.
(vii) Morphine is very effective P and Q and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery.
(viii) R is a chemical substance in tobacco that stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into blood.
(ix) Adolescence means both S and T during which a child becomes mature. The period between U and V years of age is adolescence period.
(x) Dependence is the tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant W syndrome.
(xi) Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma and death due to respiratory failure, heart failure or X.
(xii) The chronic use of drugs and alcohol damages nervous system and Y.
(xiii) The damage to liver due to excessive use of drugs and alcohol is called Z.
choose the correct option given below :-

Which one of the following techniques is safest for the detection of cancers?

Maximum absorption of water in mammals is in

Spermatogonia undergo ....... to produce spermatozoa

The functioning of the kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus, JGA and to a certain extent, the heart. From given statements about JGA control, select correct option from below:
(i) It is controlled by Renin-Angiotensin mechanism.
(ii) A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin.
(iii) Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
(iv) Angiotensin II. being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR.
(v) Angiotensin I activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
(vi) Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na⁺ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR.

All Bowman's capsules of the kidney are found in