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The form of the argument and the validity of the argument — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyThe form of the argument and the validity of the argument5 Marks
Question
The world develops if man is intelligent.
If the world develops then man is intelligent.
Therefore, either man is intelligent or the world is evolving.
✓

Answer

Hint: $P =$ man is intelligent.
$Q =$ The world is evolving.
Symbolic representation of the argument:
$P\rightarrow Q$
$Q \rightarrow P$
$\therefore P\ v\ Q$
Combining the two bases of this argument as a whole, the argument will be as follows:
$(P\rightarrow Q) \& (Q \rightarrow P)$
$\therefore P\ v\ Q$
Truth Table:
  Support Statement The resulting statement
  $1$ $2$ $3$ $4$ $5$ $6$
$P$ $Q$ $P\rightarrow Q$ $Q \rightarrow P$ $(P\rightarrow Q) \&  (Q \rightarrow P)$ $P\ v\ Q$
$1$ $T$ $T$ $T$ $T$ $T$ $T$
$2$ $T$ $F$ $F$ $T$ $F$ $T$
$3$ $F$ $T$ $T$ $F$ $F$ $T$
$4$ $F$ $F$ $T$ $T$ $T^*$ $F^*$
  $1, 2(\rightarrow)$ $2, 1 (\rightarrow)$ $3, 4 (\&)$ $1, 2(v)$
Judgment of the validity of the argument: A total of six columns have been formed in the above fact sheet. In which the column no. Base statement and column no. $6$ is the representation of the result statement. Row out of the total four rows of the truth table. The base statement in $1$ and $4$ is truth $‘T’$ But of the row. The result statement in $4$ is false $‘F’.$ Hence, this argument is disproportionate.

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