b (b) Thermopile is used for detection of heat radiation and measurement.
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A wire of resistance $10$ $\Omega$ is bent to form a circle. $P$ and $Q$ are points on the circumference of the circle dividing it into a quadrant and are connected to a Battery of $3\, V$ and internal resistance $1$ $\Omega$ as shown in the figure. The currents in the two parts of the circle are
The charge flowing in a conductor changes with time as $Q ( t )=\alpha t -\beta t ^2+\gamma t ^3$. Where $\alpha, \beta$ and $\gamma$ are constants. Minimum value of current is :
Circuit for the measurement of resistance by potentiometer is shown. The galvanometer is first connected at point $A$ and zero deflection is observed at length $P J = 10\ cm$ . In second case it is connected at point $C$ and zero deflection is observed at a length $30\ cm$ from $P$ . Then the unknown resistance $X$ is