Question
Two test tubes contain two colourless liquids ethanol and ethanoic acid. Explain by writing reaction which chemical test you would perform to tell which substance is present in which test tube.
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Answer
Ethanol does not react with sodium bicarbonate, while ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form carbon dioxide gas.
$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{NaHCO}_3 \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COONa}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2 \uparrow$
$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{NaHCO}_3 \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COONa}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{CO}_2 \uparrow$
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