Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryCoordination Compounds4 Marks
Question
What are cationic, anionic and neutral complexes? Give one example of each.
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Answer
(1) Cationic sphere complexes: A positively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound having a positively charged coordination sphere is called cationic sphere complex.For example : $\left[ Zn \left( NH _3\right)_4\right]^{2+}$ and $\left[ Co \left( NH _3\right)_5 Cl \right] SO _4$ are cationic complexes. The latter has coordination sphere $\left[ Co \left( NH _3\right)_5 CI \right]^{2+}$, the anion $SO _4{ }^{2+}$ makes it electrically neutral.
(2) Anionic sphere complexes: A negatively charged coordination sphere or a coordination compound having negatively charged coordination sphere is called anionic sphere complex. For example, $\left[ Ni ( CN )_4\right]^{2+}$ and $K _3\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]$ have anionic coordination sphere; $\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]^{3-}$ and three $K +$ ions make the latter electrically neutral.
(3) Neutral sphere complexes: A neutral coordination complex does not possess cationic or anionic sphere.
$\left[ Pt \left( NH _3\right)_2 Cl _2\right]$ or $\left[ Ni ( CO )_4\right]$ are neither cation nor anion but are neutral sphere complexes.
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