Question
What are general oxidation states of group $13$ elements? Explain.
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Answer
The general oxidation states of group $13$ are $+1$ and $+3.$
The group $13$ elements have the outermost electronic configuration $ns^2 np^1.$
If only $np^1$ electron takes part in bonding, the oxidation state is $+1$ and if all the three electrons i.e., $ns^2 np^1$ take part in bonding, the oxidation state is $+3.$ Hence, the expected oxidation states are $+1$ and $+3.$
The group $13$ elements have the outermost electronic configuration $ns^2 np^1.$
If only $np^1$ electron takes part in bonding, the oxidation state is $+1$ and if all the three electrons i.e., $ns^2 np^1$ take part in bonding, the oxidation state is $+3.$ Hence, the expected oxidation states are $+1$ and $+3.$
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