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Reproductive Health — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYReproductive Health1 Mark
Question
What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.
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Answer

The infertile couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called assisted reproductive technologies $\text{(ART),}$ which are given below:
  1. Test Tube Baby Programmes:
In this method, ova from the wife/ donor $($female$)$ and the sperms from the husband/ donor $($male$)$ are collected and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. This process is called in vitro fertilisation $\text{(IVF).}$

The zygote or early embryo with up to $8$ blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube $($process is called zygote intra fallopian transfer or $\text{ZIFT})$ and embryo with more than $8$ blastomeres is transferred into the uterus $($process is called intra uterine transfer or $\text{IUT}).$

In females who cannot conceive, embryos formed by fusion of gametes in another female $($called in vivo fertilisation$)$ are transferred.
  1. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer $\text{(GIFT):}$
It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo.
  1. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection $\text{(ICSI):}$
  2. It is a procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into an ovum.
  1. Artificial Insemination $\text{(AI):}$
  2. In this method, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus $($intra uterine insemination or $\text{IUI).}$
This technique is used in cases where the male is unable to inseminate sperms in the female reproductive tract or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculation.

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