Earthquake and Volcanoes — Geography STD 11 Arts — Question

$(1)$ Causes of erosion: Underground erosion causes pressure and stress on the rock layers. These forces cause compression and expansion in the earth's crust and earthquakes due to the action of stratification.
$(2)$ Volcanic eruption: At the time of a volcanic eruption, lava, steam, and gases move out of the earth's interior. So that the surrounding earth trembles at its effect. More than $68\%$ of the world's earthquakes are associated with volcanic eruptions.
$(3)$ Ground-equilibrium conditions: When the equilibrium state of the earth is disturbed, magma is moved to the depths of the earth to restore equilibrium. This causes tremors in the rocks.
$(4)$ Water vapor: Some water from the earth's surface descends below the surface. Then the water that is exposed due to internal heat is converted into steam. Steam takes up $1300$ times more space than water. This pressure of steam causes earthquakes in shallow geology.
$(5)$ Humans: Some of the human activities such as nuclear exploration, mineral oil, and continuous extraction of natural gas from underground, construction of large dams and large skyscrapers therefore cause earthquakes in local areas.
$(6)$ Landslides in mountainous areas: Earthquakes are also caused by avalanches, large rock falls and meteorites.