Smoking is inhaling the smoke from burning tobacco. There are thousands of known chemicals which include nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and even small quantities of arsenic. Carbon monoxide and nicotine damage the cardiovascular system and tar damages the gaseous exchange system.
Nicotine is the chemical that causes addiction and is a stimulant which makes the heart beat faster and the narrowing of blood vessels results in raised blood pressure and coronary heart diseases. The presence of carbon monoxide reduces oxygen supply. Lung cancer, cancer of the mouth, and larynx are more common in smokers than non-smokers.
Smoking also causes cancer of the stomach, pancreas, and bladder and lowers sperm count in men. Smoking can cause lung diseases by damaging the airways and alveoli and results in emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These two diseases along with asthma are often referred to as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
When a person smokes, nearly 85% of the smoke released is inhaled by the smoker himself and others in the vicinity, called passive smokers, are also affected. Guidance or counseling should be done in such users to withdraw from this habit.