What are the molecular evidences that show the evolution?

Question

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Answer

Different organisms have basic similarities in their molecules and the cellular constituents.
All living organisms have the same basic structural and functional unit, i.e. cell.
Cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, etc. are present in different types of organisms.
Proteins and gene performing different functions have the same basic pattern which shows a common ancestry.
Catabolic activities of liberating energy, synthesis of macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, etc. are similar in different organisms.
ATP is the common energy currency of all the organisms.
All the above facts are called molecular evidences in favour of evolution.

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Column A	Column B (Organisms)
1. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation	a. Nitrobacter
2. Denitrification	b. Cyanobacteria
3. Free living nitrogen fixers	c. Rhizobium
4. Nitrification	d. Paracoccus

Explain the different factors responsible for genetic variations.

Organism	Habitat	Respiratory surface/organ
1. Insects	Terrestrial	—————
2. Amphibian tadpoles of frog, salamanders	—————-	—————-
3. Fish	Aquatic	————–
4. Reptiles, Birds and Mammals	—————-	—————-