Question
What are their harmful effects?

Answer

Harmful effects of the oxide of nitrogen:
Nitrogen dioxide is very harmful to plants and animals.
It causes irritation in the mucous membrane.
Large concentrations of $NO_2 $ may cause serious lung diseases.
Nitrogen dioxide causes serious injury to vegetation; it damages plant leaves.
In sunlight, nitrogen dioxide oxidises hydrocarbons to form photochemical smog. Photochemical smog causes eye irritation, asthma attacks, and nasal and throat infections.

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