An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara — History STD 12 Humanities — Question

‘Kabir was and is to the present a source of inspiration for those who questioned entrenched social institutions and ideas in their search for divine.’ Explain.

Write any two religious beliefs and behaviours of Lingayats.

Identify any two strategies evolved by Brahmanas to enforce the norms of Varna Order from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE.

‘‘The leaders of the revolt were the heroes leading the country into battle, rousing the people to righteous indignation against oppressive imperial rule. Heroic poems were written about the valour of the Rani of Jhansi, who, with a sword in one hand and the reins of her horse in the other, fought for the freedom of her motherland. Rani of Jhansi was represented as a masculine figure chasing the enemy, slaying British soldiers and valiantly fighting till her last.’’Read the above passage and highlight the values upheld by the Rani of Jhansi.

Mention the names of Portuguese writer who came to India.

Give any two features of Harappan writing.

Examine how the Ricardo’s idea of land-ownership was introduced in the ‘Bombay Deccan’.

Who was John Marshall? How did he mark a change in the Indian Archaeology?

“The burials in Harappan sites reveal the economic and social differences amongst the people living within a particular culture.” Give two evidences in support of your answer.

Examine the significance of enclosing agricultural land within the fortified area of the city of Vijayanagara.