Paths to Modernization — History STD 11 Humanities — Question

Were the Abbasid rulers able to abolish monarchy?

"Undoubtedly the modern man made tremendous progress since coming into being." Justify the statement.

Write a short note on the Mayan culture.

Discuss the condition of workers in England in context of Industrial Revolution.

Study the disadvantages of producing goods and services under the capitalist system. What are the advantages that a socialist system can have in a society?

Discuss the difficulties faced by early men to get their food.

What do you mean by authoritarian regime?

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:
In India, early stone seals were stamped. In Mesopotamia until the end of the first millennium BCE, cylindrical stone seals, pierced down the centre, were fitted with a stick and rolled over wet clay so that a continuous picture was created. They were carved by very skilled craftsmen, and sometimes carry writing; the name of the owner, his god, his official position, etc. A seal could be rolled on clay covering the string knot of a cloth package or the mouth of a pot, keeping the contents safe. When rolled on a letter written on a clay tablet, it became a mark of authenticity. So the seal was the mark of a city dweller's role in public life.
Questions:

1. Which type of material was used to make seals?
2. What were the various types of seals?
3. Who carved these seals? Write a few features of these seals (Mesopotamian seals).

William Tyndale (1494-1536), an English Lutheran who translated the Bible into English in 1506, defended Protestantism thus:
'In this they be all agreed, to drive you from the knowledge of the scripture, and that ye shall not have the text thereof in the mother-tongue, and to keep the world still in darkness, to the intent they might sit in the consciences of the people, through vain superstition and false doctrine, to satisfy their proud ambition, and insatiable covetousness, and to exalt their own honour above king and emperor, yea, and above God himself... Which thing only moved me to translate the New Testament. Because I had perceived by experience, how that it was impossible to establish the lay-people in any truth, except the scripture were plainly laid before their eyes in their mothertongue, that they might see the process, order, and meaning of the text.
Questions:

1. What do you know about William Tyndale?
2. What were his objectives to translate the Bible into English?
3. What were the issues on which the Protestants criticised the Catholic Church? Write any two issues.

Discuss the growth of town after the decline of Roman empire.