Question
What happens when an excess of $SO _2$ is passed through sodium hydroxide solution?

Answer

When $SO _2$ gas is passed through sodium hydroxide solution $( NaOH )$, it forms sodium sulphite, $Na _2 SO _3$ which further with excess of $SO _2$ forms sodium hydrogen sulphite, $NaHSO _3$.
$\begin{aligned}
& 2 NaOH + SO _2 \rightarrow Na _2 SO _3+ H _2 O \\
& Na _2 SO _3+ H _2 O + SO _2 \rightarrow 2 NaHSO _3
\end{aligned}$

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