Question
What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.
| Functional Group | Family | Representation |
| $-\text{OH}$ | Alcohols | $\text{R}-\text{O}-\text{H}$ |
| $\ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ ||\\-\text{C}-\text{H}$ | Aldehydes | $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{H}$ |
| $\ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ ||\\-\text{C}-$ | Ketones | $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{R}$ |
| $\ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ ||\\-\text{C}-\text{OH}$ | Carboxylic acids | $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{OH}$ |
| $-\text{N}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \text{H}$ | Amines | $\text{R}-\text{NH}_2$ |
| $-\text{O}-$ | Ethers | $\text{R}-\text{O}-\text{R}$ |
| $-\text{X}\ (\text{halogen})$ | Haloalkanes | $\text{R}-\text{X}$ |
| $-\text{NO}_2$ | Nitroalkanes | $\text{R}-\text{NO}_2$ |
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Medium
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Speed of light
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Vacuum
Flint glass
Crown glass
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$3.00 \times 10^8 m / s$ $1.86 \times 10^8 m / s$ $1.97 \times 10^8 m / s$ |