Question
What is a Source Document?

Answer

Document is an evidence of a transaction or an event and are known as Source Documents based on which accounts are debited or credited with the transacted amount. Source document is of prime importance in accounting because accounting is based on factual financial information, i.e., evidence. For example, a cash memo showing cash sales, an invoice showing sales of goods on credit, bills of purchases showing purchases of goods on credit, a receipt made out by the receiver for cash received, etc. These documents are Source Documents and are evidence in support of a transaction. They are also sometimes called supporting documents.

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Vijay, a consultant, during the financial year 2018-19 earned ₹ 4,00,000. Out of which he received ₹ 3,50,000. He incurred an expense of ₹ 1,70,000, out of which ₹ 40,000 are outstanding. He also received consultancy fee relating to previous year ₹ 45,000 and also paid ₹ 20,000 expenses of last year. You are required to determine his income for the year if,
  1. He follows Cash Basis of Accounting.
  2. He follows Accrual Basis of Accounting.
How will be the following errors rectified?
  1. Purchases Book is overcasted by ₹ 10,000.
  2. Purchases Return Book is overcasted by ₹ 1,000.
  3. Purchases Return Book’s balance is carried forward in excess by ₹ 100.
  4. Purchases Book’s balance is carried forward in excess by ₹ 1,000.
Give two examples of reserves.
If a transaction has the effect of decreasing an asset, is the decrease recorded as a debit or as a credit? If the transaction has the effect of decreasing a liability, is the decrease recorded as a debit or as a credit?
Record the following transactions in the Sales Book of Ganesh & Co. of Jaipur (Rajasthan), who deal in Furniture. Assume CGST @ 6% and SGST @ 6%.
2017
 
June 4
Sold to Gupta Furniture House, Agra (U.P.)
120 Chairs @ ₹ 2,500 per Chair
25 Tables @ ₹ 8,000 per Table
Less: 5%
June 8
Sold to Raja Furniture House, Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
8 Almirahs @ ₹ 15,000 each
9 Steel Cabinets @ ₹ 20,000 each
Less: Trade discount of 10%
June 12
Sold old Computer for ₹ 1,500 to Mohan & Co. on Credit.
June 20
Sold 4 Sofa sets @ ₹ 25,000 each to Varun & Co. for cash
June 25
Sold to New Furniture House, Jaipur
5 Sofa sets @ ₹ 20,000 each
10 Tables @ ₹ 8,000 each
June 28
Purchased from Ram Lal & Co. Jaipur on credit
50 chairs @ ₹ 2,000 each
Darshan sold goods for ₹ 40,000 to Varun on 8.1.2017 and drew upon him a bill of exchange payable after two months. Varun accepted the bill and returned the same to Darshan. On the due date the bill was met by Varun. Record the necessary Journal entries in the books of Darshan and Varun in the following circumstances:
When the bill was retained by Darshan till the date of its maturity.
When Darshan immediately discounted the bill @6% p.a. with his bank.
When the bill was endorsed immediately by Darshan in favour of his creditor Suresh.
When three days before its maturity, the bill was sent by Darshan to his bank for collection.
A Limited purchased a machine on 1st July 2011 for ₹ 3,00,000 and on 1st January 2013 bought another machinery for ₹ 2,00,000. On 1st August 2013 machine bought in 2011 was sold for ₹ 1,60,000. Another machine was bought for ₹ 1,50,000 on 1st October 2013. It was decided to provide depreciation @ 10% p.a. on written down value method assuming books are closed on 31st March each year. Prepare Machinery Account and Provision for depreciation account for 3 years.
On 10th March, 2019, A draws on B a bill at 3 months for ₹ 20,000 which B accepts immediately and returns to A. The bill is honoured due date.
​Pass necessary Journal entries in the books of both the parties.
Explain any two reasons on account of which the balance as shown by the Pass Book does not agree with the balance as shown by the bank column of the Cash Book.
Amar sells goods to Bhola for ₹ 10,000 and draws upon him a bill for the amount payable 3 months after date. The bill is accepted by Bhola. Amar discounts the bill with his bankers at a discount of ₹ 150 inclusive of all charges. Bhola fails to meet this bill on maturity. Amar pays off his banker and his expenses amounting to ₹ 100. Bhola gives a fresh bill, 2 months' date to Amar for ₹ 10,250, which he met at maturity.
Show the necessary Journal entries in Amar's books.