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Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues5 Marks
Question
What is eutrophication? Describe the phenomena of eutrophication.
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Answer

  1. Eutrophication is the phenomena caused when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae.
  2. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body.
  3. Planktonic algae and algal bloom are the result of such nutrient-enriched water.
  4. Due to excessive growth of these plant species, the light in the lower layer of water is reduced.
  5. These plants perform photosynthesis during daytime but at night they compete with animal species for oxygen.
  6. There organic load of water body increases causing reduction in dissolved oxygen content.
  7. This results in death of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Once these dead bodies start decomposing in the water, there is more oxygen depletion.
  8. It then results in loss of species diversity.
  9. The water body which was once eutrophic now turns into stinking and turbid water body with coloured water. This is death of an ecosystem.

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