→ Many useful products for mankind are produced or synthesized by using microbes at industrial level
→ Beverages and antibiotics are some examples of this.
→ For industrial production, useful microbes are grown in to a big vessel which is called fermentors.
→ Microbes have been used from time immemorial for the production of beverages like wine, beer, whiskey brandy or rum.
→ Saccharomyses cerevisiae(brewer's) yeast is used to produce ethanol from cereals and fruit juices.
→ Yeast produces ethanol by an anaerobic respiration pathway.
→ Depending on the type of the raw material used for fermentation and the type of processing (with or without distillation) different types of alcoholic drinks are obtained.
→ Wine and beer are produced without distillation.
→ By distillation whisky, brandy and rum are produced.