What is fractional distillation? What is the use of fractionating column in fractional distillation?
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Fractional distillation is the process of separating two or more miscible liquids (liquids which mix together in all proportions and form a single layer) by distillation, the distillate being collected in fractions boiling at different temperatures. The separation of two liquids by fractional distillation depends on the difference in their boiling points. It is carried out by using a fractionating column. Fractionating column is a long vertical glass tube filled with glass beads. The glass beads provide a large surface area for hot vapours to cool and condens repeatedly. It provides different temperature zones inside it, the highest temperature being at the bottom of the column and the lowest temperature near its top. It is fitted in the neck of the distillation flask.
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