[4 Mark Questions]

Question

What is the Doppler effect? Derive the formula for the change in apparent frequency
1. Both source and listener move towards and away from each other.
2. Both source and listener move one behind the other source follows the listener and listener follows the source.
3. A source at rest, listener moves towards and away from the source.
4. A listener at rest, the source moves towards and away from the listener.

Vidyadip · Accepted Answer

Position of source and listener Note Expression for apparent frequency (i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move towards each other (a) Distance between source and listener decreases. (b) Apparent frequency is more than actual frequency. n^ =(v-v L v+v S) n (i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move away from each other (a) Distance between source and listener increases. (b) Apparent frequency is less than actual frequency. (c) v_S and v_L become opposite to that in case-1. n^ =(v-v L v+v S) n Position of source and listener Note Expression for apparent frequency (i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move one behind the other (iii) Source follows the listener (a) Apparent frequency depends on the velocities of the source and the listener. (b) v_S becomes opposite to that in case-2. n^ =(v-v L v+v S) n (i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move one behind the other (iii) The listener follows the source (a) Apparent frequency depends on the velocities of the source and the listener. (b) v_S and v_L become opposite to that in case-3. n^ =(v-v L v+v S) n Position of source and listener Note Expression for apparent frequency (i) Source at rest (ii) Listener moves towards the source (a) Distance between source and listener decreases. (b) Apparent frequency is more than actual frequency. (c) v_S = 0 in case-1. n^ =(v+v L v) n (i) Source at rest (ii) Listener moves away from the source (a) Distance between source and listener increases. (b) Apparent frequency is less than actual frequency. (c) v_s = 0 in case-2. n^ =(v-v L v) n Position of source and listener Note Expression for apparent frequency (i) Listener at rest (ii) Source moves towards the listener (a) Distance between source and listener decreases. (b) Apparent frequency is more than actual frequency. (c) v_L = 0 in case-1. n^ =(v v-v S) n

Position of source and listener	Note	Expression for apparent frequency
(i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move towards each other	(a) Distance between source and listener decreases. (b) Apparent frequency is more than actual frequency.	$n^{\prime}=(v-v L v+v S) n$
(i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move away from each other	(a) Distance between source and listener increases. (b) Apparent frequency is less than actual frequency. (c) $v_S$ and $v_L$ become opposite to that in case-1.	$n^{\prime}=(v-v L v+v S) n$

Position of source and listener	Note	Expression for apparent frequency
(i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move one behind the other (iii) Source follows the listener	(a) Apparent frequency depends on the velocities of the source and the listener. (b) $v_S$ becomes opposite to that in case-2.	$n^{\prime}=(v-v L v+v S) n$
(i) Both source and listener move (ii) They move one behind the other (iii) The listener follows the source	(a) Apparent frequency depends on the velocities of the source and the listener. (b) $v_S$ and $v_L$ become opposite to that in case-3.	$n^{\prime}=(v-v L v+v S) n$

Position of source and listener	Note	Expression for apparent frequency
(i) Source at rest (ii) Listener moves towards the source	(a) Distance between source and listener decreases. (b) Apparent frequency is more than actual frequency. (c) $v_S$ = 0 in case-1.	$n^{\prime}=(v+v L v) n$
(i) Source at rest (ii) Listener moves away from the source	(a) Distance between source and listener increases. (b) Apparent frequency is less than actual frequency. (c) $v_s$ = 0 in case-2.	$n^{\prime}=(v-v L v) n$

Position of source and listener	Note	Expression for apparent frequency
(i) Listener at rest (ii) Source moves towards the listener	(a) Distance between source and listener decreases. (b) Apparent frequency is more than actual frequency. (c) $v_L$ = 0 in case-1.	$n^{\prime}=(v v-v S) n$

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