Question
What is the function of companion cells?
✓
Answer
- Each of these functions (i.e., collection, transport, and release of photosynthate) is intimately related to the structure and activity of companion cells associated with the sieve elements.
- companion cells in the veins of leaves function in the transfer of assimilates from photosynthetic tissues and bundle sheaths into the sieve tubes.
- companion cells also play an important role in maintaining the viability and long-distance translocation system of the enucleate sieve tube members by providing them with proteins, including informational (signaling) molecules, and ribonuclear protein complexes as well as $ATP.$
- Apoplastic loading, a process utilizing energy, is facilitated by carrier proteins called sucrose transporters which are located in the plasma membranes of companion cells and/or sieve tube members.
- Companion cells that function as transfer cells are characterized by extensive wall in growths that vastly increase the surface area of the plasma membrane.
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