Geography ch 2 - Location and Extent — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

→ Problems faced by India:
Wars: India had to face three wars with Pakistan shortly after independence (1947, 1965, and 1971).
Famines: Severe droughts and famines in various parts of the country led to acute food shortages.
Refugee Crisis: The partition of the country created a massive influx of refugees, requiring urgent resettlement and rehabilitation.
Economic Instability: Long periods of colonial rule left India with a shattered economy, high poverty rates, and low literacy.
→ Problems faced by Brazil:
Military Rule: For more than three centuries, Brazil was under Portuguese rule, and even after independence, it faced a long period of global financial difficulties under military governments.
Financial Crisis: Brazil faced severe financial instability and hyperinflation in the late 20th century.
External Debt: The country struggled with large amounts of foreign debt taken for infrastructure development.
Political Instability: Transitioning from military rule to a stable democracy was a major challenge for the Brazilian administration.