Albert Einstein made several remarkable contributions to science. In 1905, he published the Special Theory of Relativity, which proved that time and distance are not fixed. His famous equation E = mc² showed the relationship between mass and energy. Later, in 1915, he developed the General Theory of Relativity, which redefined gravity and became one of the most important ideas in modern physics. In 1921, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect. Einstein's work changed the way scientists understood the universe and laid the foundation for many modern technologies.