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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants — BIOLOGY STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceBIOLOGYPhotosynthesis in Higher Plants5 Marks
Question
Where does Calvin cycle take place? Describe its three phases. (Draw the cycle also)OR
Where does Calvin cycle take place in chloroplasts? Describe the three phases of Calvin cycle.
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Answer

  • It occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.
  • These reactions reduce the carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, making use of the ATP and $\mathrm{NADPH}_2$ produced in the photochemical reactions.
  • The three phases of Calvin cycle are as follows:
  1. Carboxylation:
  • Carbon dioxide is accepted by ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate (RuBP) to form 3-phospho glyceric acid (PGA), a 3C-compound.
  • The reaction is catalysed by Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO).
  1. Reduction:
  • It is a series of reactions that leads to the formation of glucose.
  • Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADPH are used, respectively for phosphorylation and reduction of one $\mathrm{CO}^2$ molecule.
  1. Regeneration of RuBP:
  • For the cycle to continue, the primary acceptor of carbon dioxide, i.e., RuBP has to be regenerated.
  • In this series of reaction, RuBP is regenerated; it requires one ATP for phosphorylation to form one RuBP.

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