Question
Which is the smallest among $\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}, \mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ and why?
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Answer
$\mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ is smallest because it has the highest number of protons (13) among $\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ ions, due to which effective nuclear charge is maximum.
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