Which of the following is difficult to measure directly?

Question

✓

Answer

a
Increase in protoplasm content is difficult to measure, while surface area, volume and dry weight measurement are easy.

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$(I)$ Separation of $DNA$ fragment by electrophoresis.

$(II)$ Digestion of $DNA$ by restriction endonucleases.

$(III)$ Hybridization using labeled $VNTR$ probe

$(IV)$ Isolation of $DNA$.

$(V)$ Detection of hybridized $DNA$ fragments by autoradiography.

$(VI)$ Transferring of separated $DNA$ fragment to synthetic membranes.

Assertion: Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils.
Reason:Sporopollenin present in exine of seeds.

Statement I: Tap roots of sweet potato and adventitious roots of turnips gets swollen and store food.
Statement II: Hanging roots of banyan tree are stilt roots.