Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion — Sociology STD 12 Humanities — Question
CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 HumanitiesSociologyPatterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion4 Marks
Question
Why Adivasi struggle started in India? Discuss.
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Answer
In areas where tribal populations are concentrated, their economic and social conditions are usually much worse than those of non-tribals.
The Jana or tribes were believed to be people of the forest' whose distinctive habitat in the hill and forest areas shaped their economic, social and political attributes.
Today, barring the north-eastern states, there are no areas of the country that are inhabited exclusively by tribal people; there are only areas of tribal concentration.
Since the middle of the 19th century, non-tribals have moved into the tribal districts of central India, while tribal people from the same districts have moved into plantations, mines, factories and other places of employment.
The impoverished and exploited circumstances under which Adivasis live can be traced historically to the pattern of accelerated resource extraction started by the colonial British government and continued by the government of independent India.
From the late 19th century onwards, the colonial government reserved most forest tracts of its own use, severing the rights that Adivasis had long exercised to use the forest for gathering produce and for shifting cultivation. Forests were now to be protected for maximizing timber production. With this policy, the mainstay of their livelihoods was taken away from Adivasis, rendering their lives poorer and more insecure.
Denied access to forests and land for cultivation, Adivasis were forced to either se use the forests illegally (and be harassed and prosecuted as 'encroachers' and it hieves) or migrate in search of wage labour.
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