Planning — Business Studies STD 12 Commerce — Question

Differentiate between formal and informal organisations on the basis of:

1. Origin.
2. Authority.
3. Flow of communication.

How does the technique of ‘Motion Study’ help to improve the efficiency of workers. Give any two points in support of your answer.

Srija runs an NGO under the name ‘Sarthak’ in Delhi. The organisation is engaged in offering waste paper recycling services to all kinds of institutions in the Delhi NCR region. It also manufactures custom made paper stationery out of recycled paper on order for the interested institutions at a very competitive price. The website of ‘Sarthak’ provides a link to a Careers site wherein the people desirous of joining the NGO can use simple Job Search to find the right opportunity for themselves. The NGO also keeps a database of unsolicited applicants in its office so that job seekers may be notified of future opportunities when they arise.
In context of the above case :

1. Identify the two sources of external recruitment being used by the NGO ‘Sarthak’ by quoting lines from the paragraph.
2. List any two values that Srija wants to communicate to the society.

Ramdas, aged 49 is working in an aviation company. He is the senior most employee in his division. He is even senior to the division manager, Kanaputti. Ramdas is considered one of the most committed, capable and hard-working employees. As a result of his abilities and seniority, he generally received the work assignments of his choice. Although there was no formal designation of various „special’ projects assigned to Ramdas, he handled them as a matter of routine. A problem developed when an able and intelligent person Nagarjuna, aged 33, was appointed by Kanaputti. Nagarjun’s previous three years’ experience in the closely related work, made it possible for him to catch on to the routine work of his new job more rapidly than was customary for a new employee. On several occasions, Kanaputti noticed the tension developing between the two employees. However, he didn’t want to get involved in their personal issues as long as the work was completed effectively and efficiently by them. One day, the tension between them reached the boiling point and Ramdas complained to
Kanaputti stating that his duties were being largely taken over by Nagarjun. Kanaputti issued the order stating the clear allocation of the jobs and related duties between the two. He further clarified the working relationship between them by specifying who was to report to whom. This helped in reducing the workload, enhancing productivity and removing ambiguity.

1. Identify and state the step of organizing process which has not been carried out properly and contributed to this problem.
2. State the two steps of the organizing process which have been taken by Kanaputti to respond to the complaint of Ramdas.
3. Also state two points of importance of organizing as reflected in the above case.

An organisation follows the principles of management. What are the positive effects of each of the following principles of management on the organisation?

1. Unity of direction.
2. Espirit de Corps.
3. Subordination of individual interests to general interests.

On the job training refers to the methods of training that are applied to the workplace, while the employee is actually working. Off the job training means learning before doing and they are used away from the workplace.

A leader solves the problems relating to work and the personal problems also of the followers. Which values he is following here?

Anushka is doing a course in fashion designing from an institute of repute. As a part of the course, she has been asked to take on-the-job training in an export house for a fortnight in order to gain an insight about various practical aspects related to designing. Anushka, through the references from her senior, joins an export house owned by an upcoming designer, Nandita.
In context of the above case :

1. Name and explain the type of training which Anushka has been asked to undertake.
2. Explain briefly any one method for providing off-the-job training.

What does promotion mean? Explain various communication tools for promotion.

State any three factors that determine the requirements of working capital of a company.