Question
Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?

Answer

Developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment because goods could be imported and exported easily and also foreign companies could set up factories and offices in their country.
Developing countries should demand the free and fair flow of their labour and reduction in the subsidies in agriculture sector of developed countries in return.

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Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow.

Source A- Production across countries:

Until the middle of the twentieth century, production was largely organised within countries. What crossed the boundaries of these countries were raw material, food stuff and finished products. Colonies such as India exported raw materials and food stuff and imported finished goods. Trade was the main channel connecting distant countries. This was before large companies called multinational corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene.

Source B- Foreign trade and integration of markets:

Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets, i.e., markets of their own countries. Producers can sell their produce not only in markets located within the country but can also compete in markets located in other countries of the world. Similarly, for the buyers, import of goods produced in another country is one way of expanding the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.

Source C- Impact of globalisation in India:

Globalisation and greater competition among producers - both local and foreign producers - has been of advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a result, these people today, enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier.

Questions:

  1. How are MNCs a major force in connecting the countries of the world? (Source A - Production across countries).
  2. How does foreign trade become a main channel in connecting countries? (Source B - Foreign trade and integration of markets).
  3. How is globalisation beneficial for consumers? (Source C - Impact of globalisation in India).
Complete the following statement to show how the production process in the garment industry is spread across countries.
The brand tag says ‘Made in Thailand’ but they are not Thai products. We dissect the manufacturing process and look for the best solution at each step. We are doing it globally. In making garments, the company may, for example, get cotton fibre from Korea, ........