Question
Why does gallium undergo disproportionation reactions?
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Answer
Gallium shows both +1 and +3 oxidation states due to inert pair effect. However, its +3 oxidation state is more stable than +1 oxidation state, hence undergoes disproportionation to form gallium and more stable +3 gallium ions in aqueous solution as shown below.
or $3\text{Ga}^+(\text{aq})\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }2\text{Ga}(\text{s})+\text{Ga}^{3+}(\text{aq})$
or $3\text{Ga}^+(\text{aq})\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }2\text{Ga}(\text{s})+\text{Ga}^{3+}(\text{aq})$
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