Geography Ch - 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources — Social Studies STD 8 — Question

Why did the tribals agitate under British rule?

Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:
Colebrook on Bengal ryots
In many villages of Bengal, some of the powerful ryots did not cultivate, but instead gave out their lands to others (the under-tenants), taking from them very high rents. In 1806, H. T. Colebrook described the conditions of these undertenants in Bengal:
The under-tenants, depressed by an excessive rent in kind, and by usurious returns for the cattle, seed, and subsistence, advanced to them, can never extricate themselves from debt. In so abject a state, they cannot labour in spirit, while they earn a scanty subsistence without hope of bettering their situation.

1. Who were under tenants?
2. Describe the conditions H.T. Colebrook mentioned about the under tenants in Bengal.

As per your understanding of the chapter, state how the workers are exploited?

What role did they think the rulers were playing? What role did the sepoys seem to play?

Briefly explain the three different levels of courts in our country.

"The iron and steel industry is the basic as well as heavy industry." Support the statement with suitable examples.

How can communities prepare to face floods?

How did the Mutiny become a popular rebellion?

Write a short note on public interest litigation.

In some parts of the country, widows were praised if they choose death by burning themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands.
(I) What were the women called who choose death by burning themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands? What were the thoughts of advocate of sati on women? 
(II) What were the thoughts of opponent of sati on women?