Question
Why $Tl^{1+}$ ion is more stable than $Tl^{3+}$?
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Answer
$Tl$ is a heavy element which belongs to group $13$ of the $p-$block.
The common oxidation state for this group is $+3.$
In $p-$block, the lower oxidation state is more stable for heavier elements due to inert pair effect.
Hence, $Tl^{1+}$ ion is more stable than $Tl^{3+}$ ion.
The common oxidation state for this group is $+3.$
In $p-$block, the lower oxidation state is more stable for heavier elements due to inert pair effect.
Hence, $Tl^{1+}$ ion is more stable than $Tl^{3+}$ ion.
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