Question
Write a note on halogenation of phenol.
✓
Answer
$\rightarrow$ Halogenation: On treating phenol with bromine, different reaction products are formed under different experimental conditions.
$(a)$ When the reaction is carried out in solvents of low polarity such as $CHCl_3$ or $CS_2$ and at low temperature, monobromophenols are formed.
$\rightarrow$ The usual halogenation of benzene takes place in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as $FeBr^3, $ which polarises the halogen molecule. In case of phenol, the polarization of bromine molecule takes place even in the absence of Lewis acid. It is due to the highly activating effect of $-OH$ group attached to the benzene ring.
$(b)$ When phenol is treated with bromine water, $2, 4, 6-$tribromophenol is formed as white precipitate.
$(a)$ When the reaction is carried out in solvents of low polarity such as $CHCl_3$ or $CS_2$ and at low temperature, monobromophenols are formed.
$\rightarrow$ The usual halogenation of benzene takes place in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as $FeBr^3, $ which polarises the halogen molecule. In case of phenol, the polarization of bromine molecule takes place even in the absence of Lewis acid. It is due to the highly activating effect of $-OH$ group attached to the benzene ring.
$(b)$ When phenol is treated with bromine water, $2, 4, 6-$tribromophenol is formed as white precipitate.
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