Write a note on sodium hydroxide (NaOH). - Vidyadip

Question

Write a note on sodium hydroxide $(NaOH)$.

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Answer

Preparation :
When an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is electrolysed, chlorine gas is liberated at anode and hydrogen gas at cathode. During electrolysis, sodium hydroxide is
formed in the solution.
$2 \mathrm{NaCl}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{Cl}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g})$
This process is called chlor-alkali process since the products formed are-chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
The three products $\left(\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}), \mathrm{Cl}_2(\mathrm{~g}), \mathrm{NaOH}\right)$ produced in this process are useful.
Uses:
$(1)$ De-greasing of metals.
$(2)$ In the preparation of soap and detergent.
$(3)$ In purification of petroleum.
$(4)$ For making artificial textile fibres.
$(5)$ As a reagent in laboratory.
$(6)$ For making cotton unshrinkable.
$(7)$ In paper industry.

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