Question
Write a short note on electrochemical principles of metallurgy.

Answer

  • Reduction of oxides of active metals such as sodium, potassium etc. by carbon is thermodynamically not feasible.
  • Such metals are extracted from their ores by using electrochemical methods.
  • In this method the metal salts are taken infused form or in solution form.
  • The metal ion present can be reduced by treating the solution with a suitable reducing agent or by electrolysis.
  • Gibbs free energy change for the electrolysis is ∆G° = nFE°
    n = number of electrons involved in the reduction
    F = Faraday = 96500 coulombs
    E° = electrode potential of the redox couple.
  • If E° is positive, is negative and the reduction is spontaneous.
  • Hence a redox reaction is planned in such a way that the e.mi of the net redox reaction is positive.
    A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
    eg; $Cu _{( aq )}^{2+}+ Zn _{( s )} \longrightarrow Cu _{( s )}+ Zn _{( aq )}^{2+}$
  • Zinc is more reactive than copper and displaces copper from its salt solution.

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