Question
Write a short note on Neutralization.
✓
Answer
- Take $10 ml$ of dilute $HCl$ in a beaker, go on adding dilute $NaOH$ drop by drop and record the $pH$.
- Stop adding the $NaOH$ when the green colour appears on the $pH$ paper, that is when the $pH$ of solution becomes 7 .
- Both $HCl$ and $NaOH$ dissociate in their aqueous solutions.
- Addition of $NaOH$ to $HCl$ solution is like adding a large concentration of $OH$ ions to a large concentration of $H ^{+}$ions.
- However water dissociates into $H ^{+}$and $OH$ ions to a very small extent.
- Therefore on mixing the excess $OH ^{-}$ions combines with excess $H ^{+}$ions and forms $H _2 O$ molecules which mix with solvent water.
- This change can be represented by the ionic equation shown as follows. $H ^{+}+ Cl ^{-}+$ $Na ^{+}+ OH ^{-} \rightarrow Na ^{+}+ Cl ^{-}+ H _2 O$
- It can be observed that $Na ^{+}$and $CT$ ions are there on both the sides. Therefore the net ionic reaction is $H ^{+}+ OH ^{-} \rightarrow H _2 O$
- As $NaOH$ solution is added drop by drop to the $HCl$ solution, the concentration of ff goes on decreasing due to combination with added $OH$ ions, and that is how the $pH$ goes on increasing.
- When enough $NaOH$ is added to $HCl$, the resulting aqueous solution contains onlyand $OH ^{-}$ions in this solution is a dissociation of water.
Therefore, this reaction is called the Neutralization reaction. The Neutralization reaction is also represented by the following simple equation.
$
HCl + NaOH \longrightarrow NaCl + H _2 O
$
acid + base $\quad$ salt + water
- Stop adding the $NaOH$ when the green colour appears on the $pH$ paper, that is when the $pH$ of solution becomes 7 .
- Both $HCl$ and $NaOH$ dissociate in their aqueous solutions.
- Addition of $NaOH$ to $HCl$ solution is like adding a large concentration of $OH$ ions to a large concentration of $H ^{+}$ions.
- However water dissociates into $H ^{+}$and $OH$ ions to a very small extent.
- Therefore on mixing the excess $OH ^{-}$ions combines with excess $H ^{+}$ions and forms $H _2 O$ molecules which mix with solvent water.
- This change can be represented by the ionic equation shown as follows. $H ^{+}+ Cl ^{-}+$ $Na ^{+}+ OH ^{-} \rightarrow Na ^{+}+ Cl ^{-}+ H _2 O$
- It can be observed that $Na ^{+}$and $CT$ ions are there on both the sides. Therefore the net ionic reaction is $H ^{+}+ OH ^{-} \rightarrow H _2 O$
- As $NaOH$ solution is added drop by drop to the $HCl$ solution, the concentration of ff goes on decreasing due to combination with added $OH$ ions, and that is how the $pH$ goes on increasing.
- When enough $NaOH$ is added to $HCl$, the resulting aqueous solution contains onlyand $OH ^{-}$ions in this solution is a dissociation of water.
Therefore, this reaction is called the Neutralization reaction. The Neutralization reaction is also represented by the following simple equation.
$
HCl + NaOH \longrightarrow NaCl + H _2 O
$
acid + base $\quad$ salt + water
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